Which philosophy asserts that reality is external and knowable through the senses, with objective, disciplinary knowledge taught through teacher-centered instruction?

Which philosophy asserts that reality is external and knowable through the senses, with objective, disciplinary knowledge taught through teacher-centered instruction?

• A. Pragmatism asserts that truth is judged by practical outcomes
• B. Existentialism emphasizes authentic choice and self-defined meaning
• C. Realism asserts reality is external and knowable through the senses, with objective, disciplinary knowledge taught through teacher-centered instruction
• D. Naturalism holds that learning occurs through natural settings with minimal constraints

Answer: (C)

The main idea being tested is how a philosophy views reality, knowledge, and how learning should be organized in the classroom. Realism holds that reality exists external to the mind and is knowable through the senses, and that knowledge is objective and organized into disciplined bodies of content. In education, this translates to a curriculum built around established facts and methods in discrete subjects, with instruction typically delivered in a teacher-centered way to transmit that objective knowledge. This approach emphasizes clear standards, demonstrations, and practice to build a stable, cumulative body of understanding that students can verify through experience and reasoning. In contrast, pragmatism centers on the usefulness of ideas and learns through inquiry and outcomes-based assessment; existentialism focuses on authentic choice and personal meaning in learning; naturalism emphasizes learning through natural settings with fewer imposed structures. The described stance fits realism because it foregrounds an external, knowable world and a structured, teacher-led, discipline-based approach to instruction.

The main idea being tested is how a philosophy views reality, knowledge, and how learning should be organized in the classroom. Realism holds that reality exists external to the mind and is knowable through the senses, and that knowledge is objective and organized into disciplined bodies of content. In education, this translates to a curriculum built around established facts and methods in discrete subjects, with instruction typically delivered in a teacher-centered way to transmit that objective knowledge. This approach emphasizes clear standards, demonstrations, and practice to build a stable, cumulative body of understanding that students can verify through experience and reasoning. In contrast, pragmatism centers on the usefulness of ideas and learns through inquiry and outcomes-based assessment; existentialism focuses on authentic choice and personal meaning in learning; naturalism emphasizes learning through natural settings with fewer imposed structures. The described stance fits realism because it foregrounds an external, knowable world and a structured, teacher-led, discipline-based approach to instruction.